A 59-year-old obese female patient with hypertension, coronary artery disease, type 1 diabetes and anxiety presents for a vitrectomy and retinal membranectomy. The patient is somewhat dehydrated, and has no visible or palpable veins. How's that for a challenging IV start? As more patients with heart disease, diabetes with vascular complications, obesity, pulmonary compromise and angina present for outpatient procedures, you should expect to encounter similar IV-related difficulties. Here are 5 tips to overcome them.
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