Post-operative pain and associated side effects are common reasons for delayed discharge and complicated recovery from surgical procedures. Historically, we've treated post-operative pain by adhering to a pain management model that relies on one class of analgesics: opioids. While such "monomodal" treatment can be effective, it can cause such associated side effects as nausea, vomiting and sedation, and can lead to respiratory depression.1 These side effects can also limit functional activities necessary for recovery and rehabilitation. Here are five ways you can reduce opioid use.